Vowels.

Sounds Letters Examples

a, ā a, aa land, maken (E make), caas (E case)

e e dress, bed

ē e, ee, ie, ei he, sweet, piece, deceiven (E deceive)

ę e, ee speken (E speak), breeth (E breath)

i, ī i, y, ii is, ys, lif, lyf, liif (E life)

o o on, long

ō o, oo do, doo, book

ç o, oo no, rood (E road), ooth (E oath)

u u, v, o us, vp (E up), comen (E come)

ū ou, ow hous (E house), now

• e place, lawe (E law)

ü u, ui just, fruit, builde (E build)

ai ai, ay day, failen (E fail)

au au, aw cause, drawen (E draw)

ei ei, ey peine (E pain), wey (E way)

eu ew, u fewe (E few), cruel, crewel (E cruel)

oi oi, oy joie, joye (E joy)

ou ou, ow knowen (E know), soule (E soul)

2. Consonants

b b, bb by, rubben (E to rub)

p p, pp pite (E pity), happen, cuppe (E cup)

d d, dd deed (E dead), hadde (E had)

t t, tt tyme (E time), sitten (E sit)

g g, gg goon (E go), daggere (E dagger)

k c, k, kk, ck callen (E call), speken (E speak)

nekke (E neck), cock

f f, ff, ph for, effect, pholosophie (E philosophy)

v v, u hevy, heuy (E heavy), vertu (E virtue)

s s, ss, c, sc smoke, kysse (E kiss), place, science

z s, z bisy (E busy), duzeyne (E dozen)

h h help, half

x¹ gh, h though, might (E might), riht (E right)

C ch, cch which, cacchen (E catch)

S sch, ssh, sh fisch, fissh, fish

 th rather

θ th this [θis]

j y, i yet, condicioun (E condition)

w w, v with, vith

r r, rr harm, sterres (E stars)

l l, ll al, alle (E all)

m m, mm many, woman (E woman)

n n, nn no, an, thenne (E then)

kw qu queen

ks x axen (E ask), six

¹As in Russian хлеб