The UK has always been an open economy. However, by further opening its economy to exports, imports, international skilled labour and capital, the UK can benefit from a virtuous cycle of increased competitiveness, productivity and growth. Openness is promoted by:
• Securing market access to trade in both exports and imports at every stage of the value chain
• Increasing access to labour and investment through migration and capital flows
• Improving the business climate for foreign direct investment
• Having a regulatory climate that is both competitive and enabling to trade. Empirically, the link between international openness and productivity growth is backed by a study of 93 countries by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), which found a clear link between openness and trend productivity growth, even after controlling for reverse causality (as well as openness driving productivity, increased productivity can drive greater openness).
To manage this openness effectively, however, domestic policy needs to be adapted to ensure that the UK economy is best placed to face the opportunities and challenges that being open to globalisation brings. The creation of an appropriate industrial strategy to maximise investment in productive sectors is essential, as is the need for suitable measures to handle the transition costs of structural changes to employment, managed migration, and skills policies to make sure the UK stays ahead of its competitors.
As for the Netherlands, transnational corporations - is the brainchild of Dutch. «VOC» (« The Dutch East India Company" ) for two centuries was the largest and most powerful trade organization in the world . Today «Philips», «Unilever» and «Royal Dutch Shell» ( together with two other firms , not known outside of the country ) is occupied by a quarter of the working age population of the Netherlands. The Dutch, however, do not stop and supply managers for foreign multinationals . And those , thanks to the ability for languages , and the ability to negotiate and only in extreme cases, to untie the ribbon purse , quickly find themselves in the seat of the head of government.
Once plowed the oceans merchant ships gave way cargo van - now 40 % of the international road haulage carried Dutch. True to the spirit of their ancestors hunted trade, the Dutch , as of old , and are skilled intermediaries with considerable profit by them come true Bringing to mind the products of other countries. They import and produce chemicals including fertilizers , gas heat ( only their minerals ) huge greenhouses, where the markets of Europe comes tomatoes, cucumbers, tulips, carnations , freesia and more. More than 60% of cut flowers in the world and 50 % of the plants in pots, but not all of them are grown here, go through the local auction giant . Dutch so tightly held in the hands of the market that farmers from other countries , in order to get the best price, send flowers for sale in the Netherlands - only to flower traders brought them back again .
Dutch openness extends to the economy. It is known that excessive fuss about charters and all restrictions bad effect on trade, and the financial market is no exception to the rule. Several centuries ago, Amsterdam Trade Bank was the largest commercial lending institution in the world. Outlandish sovereigns took his loans to finance military campaigns, and there postponed saving for a rainy day - suddenly happen that they will fly with high chairs. And still today, which promise great benefits gaps in the tax laws to this area involve foreign investors. A highly commendable transport system and the ability of local residents to give the Dutch language field activity even greater appeal. Increasingly, American and Japanese companies intending to enter new markets , locate its European headquarters in the Dutch capital Amsterdam.
Moderation bordering asceticism - this is the style of the local offices. Dutch, even when it comes to advertising and letterhead , do not go beyond prudence.
